ABSTRACT
In this study, twenty-two new [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (5a-n, 6a-h) were synthesized under microwave irradiation (MWI). The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by their IR, 1H-NMR, LC-MS, and elemental analysis. The compounds were tested for antinociceptive activity by using the tail clip, tail flick, hot plate, and writhing methods in mice. The varying levels of antinociceptive activity of the compounds were compared with those of aspirin. Among these compounds, compound 5g and 5j were found to be significantly more active than the other compounds and the standard in the tests. Also, inhibitory effects of the test compounds on COX-1 and COX-2 activities were investigated. DuP-697 for COX-2 and SC-560 for COX-1 were used as reference standards.
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Two new sesquiterpenes, trivially named ricinusoids A (1) and ricinusoids B (2), were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Ricinus communis. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The compounds (1-2) were also assessed for in-vivo sedative and analgesic like effects in open field and acetic acid induced writhing tests respectively at 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg i.p. Pretreatment of both test compounds caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in locomotive activity like sedative agents and abdominal constrictions like analgesics. Both compounds (1-2) possessed marked sedative and antinociceptive effects in animal models.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Analgesics , Chemistry , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Chemistry , Locomotion , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Structure , Pain , Drug Therapy , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Ricinus , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
Two new sesquiterpenes, trivially named ricinusoids A (1) and ricinusoids B (2), were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Ricinus communis. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The compounds (1-2) were also assessed for in-vivo sedative and analgesic like effects in open field and acetic acid induced writhing tests respectively at 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg i.p. Pretreatment of both test compounds caused significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in locomotive activity like sedative agents and abdominal constrictions like analgesics. Both compounds (1-2) possessed marked sedative and antinociceptive effects in animal models.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Analgesics , Chemistry , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Chemistry , Locomotion , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Structure , Pain , Drug Therapy , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Ricinus , Chemistry , Sesquiterpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
Abstract Echinodorus scaber Rataj and Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli, Alismataceae, are popularly used to relieve inflammatory complaints and as diuretic. A study on the antinociceptive effect and selected marker compounds in eleven extracts from different locations was undertaken and their antinociceptive effect was assessed. The fingerprints were compared by HPLC-DAD and the content of vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside were determined. All samples presented antinociceptive activity reducing the writhes by 36.4-62.5% and 47.4-79.8% at 10 and 50 mg/kg, respectively; indomethacin (5 mg/kg) reduced writhes by 82.6-90.1%. The content of the flavonoids C-glycosides, however, presented a strong variation. Isovitexin and isoorientin were found in all the samples, with content ranging from traces to 14.70 µg/mg and 2.12-84.27 µg/mg extract, respectively, while vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside occurred in quantifiable amounts only in 3 out of 11 samples ranging from 5.43 to 33.13 µg/mg extract; vitexin was not detected at all or detected in trace amounts. According to the fingerprints, the samples could be arranged in four main groups. All eleven extracts showed antinociceptive activity. Isovitexin was the only flavonoid present in all samples and can be regarded, acting in synergy with the other compounds or not, as the responsible for the antinociceptive activity. Therefore, isovitexin is a good choice as chemical marker when the antinociceptive activity of E. scaber and E. grandiflorus is investigated.
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Abstract Ximenia americana L., Olacaceae, barks are utilized in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity and antinociceptive effect of polysaccharides rich fractions from X. americana barks. The fractions were obtained by extraction with NaOH, followed by precipitation with ethanol and fractionation by ion exchange chromatography. They were administered i.v. or p.o. before nociception tests (writhing, formalin, carragenan-induced hypernociception, hot plate), or during 14 days for toxicity assay. The total polysaccharides fraction (TPL-Xa: 8.1% yield) presented 43% carbohydrate (21% uronic acid) and resulted in two main fractions after chromatography (FI: 12%, FII: 22% yield). FII showed better homogeneity/purity, content of 44% carbohydrate, including 39% uronic acid, arabinose and galactose as major monosaccharides, and infrared spectra with peaks in carbohydrate range for COO- groups of uronic acid. TPL-Xa (10 mg/kg) and FII (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) presented inhibitory effect in behavior tests that evaluate nociception induced by chemical and mechanical, but not thermal stimuli. TPL-Xa did not alter parameters of systemic toxicity. In conclusion, polysaccharides rich fractions of X. americana barks inhibit peripheral inflammatory nociception, being well tolerated by animals.
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Zingiber officinale Roscoe, commonly known as ginger, is a traditional herb used to treat various disorders. In this study, we evaluated potential pharmacological effects of ethanolic extracts of Z.Officinale with respect to central nervous system (CNS) activity in mice. Role of ethanolic extract of ginger on CNS activity in mice was studied using models of elevated plus maze test, barbiturate-induced sleeping time, tail suspension test, hot-plate and tail-flick test. Ginger extract was administered to mice at single doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg, perorally while diazepam (1 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg) and imipramine (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally were used as standard drugs. The results showed that the ginger extract at all dose levels significantly exhibited anxiolytic activity increased the sleeping latency but reduced the sleeping time. Tail suspension test showed that the extract at both the doses was able to induce a significant decrease in the immobility time, similar to imipramine, a recognized antidepressant drug. Tail-flick and hot-plate tests demonstrated antinociceptive property of ginger extract, similar to morphine, a recognized antinociceptive agent. Higher dose level (200 mg/kg) showed better protective effects. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins, resins and volatile oils. The possible mechanism by which ginger exhibited the significant beneficial effects on various CNS models in mice could be attributed to its antioxidant potential.
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ABSTRACT Muntingia calabura L., Muntingiaceae, is a medicinal plant for various pain-related diseases. The aims of the present study were to determine the antinociceptive profile and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of antinociception of petroleum ether partition obtained from crude methanol extract of M. calabura leaves using various animal models. The antinociceptive profile of petroleum ether fraction (given oral; 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was established using the in vivo chemicals (acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin-induced paw licking test) and thermal (hot plate test) models of nociception. The role of glutamate, TRPV1 receptor, bradykinin, protein kinase C, potassium channels, and various opioid and non-opioid receptors in modulating the partition's antinociceptive activity was also determined. The results obtained demonstrated that petroleum ether partition exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociception in all the chemicals-, thermal-, capsaicin-, glutamate-, bradykinin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced nociception models. The antinociceptive activity was reversed following pretreatment with opioid antagonists (i.e. naloxone, β-funaltrexamine, naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine), and the non-opioid receptor antagonists (i.e. pindolol (a β-adrenoceptor), haloperidol (a non-selective dopaminergic), atropine (a non-selective cholinergic receptor), caffeine (a non-selective adenosinergic receptor), and yohimbine (an α2-noradrenergic)). In addition, pretreatment with L-arginine (a nitric oxide (NO) donor), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS)), methylene blue (MB; an inhibitor of cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway), or their combination failed to inhibit petroleum ether partition's antinociception. In conclusion, petroleum ether partition exerts antinociceptive activity at the peripheral and central levels via the modulation of, partly, the opioid (i.e. µ, κ and δ) and several non-opioids (i.e. β-adrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, adenosinergic, and α2-noradrenergic) receptors, glutamatergic, TRPV1 receptors, PKC and K+ channels systems, but not L-arg/NO/cGMP pathway.
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O extrato etanólico bruto das folhas de M. nigra (Mn- EtOH) foi avaliado quanto à atividade antinociceptiva em modelos experimentais em camundongos. Foram usados os métodos de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético, teste da formalina e placa quente. No teste de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético, Mn-EtOH (100, 200 e 400 mg/kg, i.p.) reduziu o número de contorções em 38,82, 97,65 e 100%, respectivamente. O extrato também produziu uma significativa inibição de ambas as fases do teste da formalina, sendo que o efeito foi mais significativo na segunda fase (dor inflamatória). O extrato diminuiu em 42,19, 56,96 e 40,50%, respectivamente, o tempo de lambida da pata na primeira fase do teste de formalina, assim como 84,04, 77,20 e 61,07%, respectivamente, na segunda fase. Além disso, não apresentou efeito no teste da placa quente. Os dados obtidos sugerem que o extrato tem efeito antinociceptivo, provavelmente mediado através de mecanismos periféricos. Novos estudos estão sendo realizados para caracterizar o mecanismo responsável por esse efeito.(AU)
The crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of M. nigra (Mn-EtOH) was evaluated for antinociceptive activity in mice using models of nociception. The evaluation of antinociceptive activity was carried out by the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot plate tests. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the Mn-EtOH (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the number of writhing by 38.82, 97.65 and 100%, respectively. The extract also produced a significant inhibition of both phases of the formalin test, and the effect was more significant in the second phase (inflammatory pain). The extract decreased by 42.19, 56.96 and 40.50%, respectively, the paw licking time in the first phase of the formalin test, as well as 84.04, 77.20 and 61.07%, respectively, in the second phase of this test. Also, no effect on the hot plate test was observed. The data suggest that the extract has antinociceptive activity, probably mediated via peripheral mechanisms. Pharmacological studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism responsible for this effect.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Plant Extracts , Morus , Pain Management , Analgesics , PhytotherapyABSTRACT
Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz., Ranunculaceae, has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, traumatic injury in folk and clinical medicine, but the alkaloids has high toxicity. This study was designed to investigate the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of non-alkaloids fractions from A. flavum in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inflammatory models of dimethylbenzene-induced ear vasodilatation and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability enhancement test in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats whereas the antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhes, hot plate test and formalin test in mice. The result showed that the LD50 value of BtOH and EtOAc fractions could not be determined as no lethality was observed up to 40 g/kg (p.o.) in mice. BtOH fraction significantly decreased the dimethylbenzene-induced ear vasodilatation, carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability. EtOAc fraction only significantly attenuated paw edema and capillary permeability at the dose of 500 mg/kg. In antinociceptive test, BtOH and EtOAc fractions significantly reduced the writhing number evoked by acetic acid injection and the licking time in both phases of the formalin test. Meanwhile BtOH and EtOAc fractions had significant effect on hot plate test after 90 min. Our data indicate that the BtOH and EtOAc fractions of NAF are no toxicity. BtOH and EtOAc fractions not only inhibit inflammatory and peripheral inflammatory pain but also have central antinociceptive effect.
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This study analyzes the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Alafia barteri Oliv., Apocynaceae, based on its medicinal use in the treatment of toothaches, inflammation and fevers. The antinociceptive effect was assessed in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing, tail clip, tail immersion and formalin assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats, and xylene-induced ear oedema in mice. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced pain by 35.04, 56.49 and 84.25%, respectively. The extract also significantly inhibited both the early and late phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice. In the tail immersion test, the extract caused a significant inhibition of pain (34.43% inhibition, after 90 min) at a dose of 200 mg/kg, while the effect of the extract in the tail clip test was only significant at the 100 mg/kg dose. A. barteri caused a significant inhibition of paw oedema development in the carrageenan and xylene-induced oedema tests. There was no mortality recorded following treatment with the extract (5 g/kg, p.o.). The results support the traditional use of A. barteri in the treatment of various diseases associated with pain and inflammation.
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The genus Erythoxylum plants are popularly used as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and diuretic agentes, and for treating of respiratory problems. This study investigated the antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Erythroxylum caatingae (EcME) in chemical (formalin test and acetic acid test) and thermal models (hot plate test) of nociception. Intraperitoneal pre-treatment with EcME reduced the number of abdominal contortions and the licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. EcME did not show a significant effect in the hot plate test, rota-rod test, and the elevated plus maze test. These findings indicate that the antinociceptive activity of EcME is not because of a depressor effect on the central nervous system, and EcME is not a muscle relaxant. Nevertheless, Erythroxylum caatingae demonstrated peripheral antinociceptive activity, which confirms its popular use and contributes to the scientific knowledge of the species.
El género Erythoxylum es popularmente utilizado como agente anti-inflamatorio, antibacteriano y para el tratamiento de problemas respiratorios. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la actividad antinociceptiva del extracto metanólico Erythroxylum caatingae (EcME), utilizando modelos químicos (prueba de la formalina y prueba de ácido acético) y térmico (prueba de la placa caliente) de nocicepción. El pretratamiento EcME por la vía intraperitoneal (i.p.), fue capaz de reducir el número de contorsiones abdominales y el tiempo de lamida en la segunda fase del test de formalina. EcME no tuvo efecto significativo en el test de la placa caliente, Rota-Rod y Laberinto en Cruz Elevado, mostrando que el efecto antinociceptivo no está relacionado con un efecto depresor del sistema nervioso central o miorelajante. Los datos experimentales muestran que Erythroxylum caatingae posee una actividad antinociceptiva periférica que confirma su uso popular, contribuyendo para el conocimiento científico de la especie.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Analgesics/pharmacology , Erythroxylaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Methanol , Pain , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
This study investigated the antinociceptive and cytotoxic effects of alcoholic extract of Delonix regia Leaves in rodents. Antinociceptive activities were done using paw licking and writhing tests. The extract was used at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg per orally as compared to Standard drug Diclofenac-Na 100 mg/kg bw in Swiss albino mice of body weight 25-30 g. The cytotoxic activity was determined by the Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay. The alcoholic extract showed very highly significant effect in formalin test (p<0.01). Also had the highest analgesia (p<0.001) in the acetic acid-induced writhing model as well. The extract possessed a good in vitro cytotoxic activity (LC50=4.06 μg/ml). The results suggested that Delonix regia Leaves extract has a suitable antinociceptive effect as well as cytotoxic potential.
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The flowers of the Chiliotrichum diffusum (G. Forst.) Kuntze, Asteraceae, have long been used in traditional medicine and rituals. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a decoction of the flowers were evaluated and a phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC-DAD. In order to evaluate the antinociceptive activity, the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate tests were used. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenaninduced rat paw oedema. The decoction induced a significant anti-inflammatory effect (inhibition of 56.0% at 3 h) and produced significant inhibition on nociception in the acetic acid test (ED50 35 mg/kg i.p.; ED50 709 mg/kg p.o.). In the hot plate test, the antinociceptive activity of the extract employed at 500 mg/kg i.p. was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg). HPLC analysis showed the presence of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, afzelin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol. The decoction of C. diffusum proved to have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects that may be related to the presence of the flavones, flavonols and phenolic acids identified. The opiod system seems to be involved in the mechanism of antinociception of the extract.
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The antinociceptive activity of the Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae) ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate fraction as well as of (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin (1), a previously isolated compound, was demonstrated in vivo. ED50 for 1 in the writhing test was 14.14 mg/kg. The acetic acid-induced writhing was inhibited by 98.4, 84.4, and 58.3%, respectively, when mice were treated with the ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and 1. In the hot plate test, mice pretreated with 1 showed significantly increased reaction times (60-89%). Oral administration of 1 significantly inhibited first and second phases of the formalin-induced pain (50 and 26.5%, respectively), whereas indomethacin inhibited only the second phase of the test (41.2%). Ethanol extract and its fraction showed effects on inflammatory pain, while neurogenic and inflammatory pain suppression by 1 is a strong indication of the presence of both central and peripheral effects and suggests its analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential.
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The present study was designed to evaluate analgesic potential of the methanolic extracts of the leaves of the both Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae) and Eugenia fruticosa (Myrtaceae). The analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid (0.7% i.p.)-induced writhing inhibition method in swiss albino mice. The methanolic extract of leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla, at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.001) reduced the number of writhes with 31.97% and 44.21% of inhibition, respectively compared to control group. The methanolic extracts of leaves of Eugenia fruticosa significantly and dose dependently reduced the pain threshold (p<0.001) with 51.02 and 72.1% of writhing inhibition when compared to the control group at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively which were comparable to that of the standard drug Diclofenac Na (65.31% inhibition of writhing, p<0.001). The results of the study demonstrated the potential antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extracts of the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla and Eugenia fruticosa which validated the traditional uses of the both plants in painful diseases and further investigations to elucidate the mechanism of action are required.
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Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. belongs to the family Fabaceae. Known as pau-ferro and jucá, it is used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, as antipyretic and antirheumatic. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract of the fruits of C. ferrea (EECf). In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity, EECf (50 mg/kg) produced significantly inhibition of ear edema by 66.6 percent compared to control. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed inhibition of 83.9 percent compared to control. EECf (50 mg/kg) inhibited of vascular permeability induced by acetic acid and was also able to reduce of cell migration to the peritoneal cavity induced by thioglycolate. In the writhing test induced by acid acetic, EECf (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of contortions by 24.9, 46.9 and 74.2 percent, respectively. In the formalin test, EECf presented effects only in the second phase. The results provided experimental evidence for the effectiveness of the traditional use of C. ferrea in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain.
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This report aimed to investigate the chemical composition and possible antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil from fresh leaves of Myrcia pubiflora DC., Myrtaceae (EOMP), through different experimental tests. The essential oil of M. pubiflora (EOMP) was obtained by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-MS, and tested at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg (i.p.) in three different tests of nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, and hot plate test) and one test of inflammation (leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity) in order to evaluate the motor activity in mice treated with EOMP. The major component of EOMP was caryophyllene oxide (22.16 percent). This oil significantly reduced the number of writhes in an acetic acid test and the time spent licking the paw at the second phase of the formalin test. Furthermore, EOMP inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. However, administration of EOMP did not alter reaction time in the hot plate test, and did not affect the motor coordination test. These results indicate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of EOMP probably mediated via inhibition of inflammatory mediator synthesis or other peripheral pathway.
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Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl is a species of the family Meniespermaceae known as Milona, which extracts showed low toxicity and several pharmacological activities as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic or anti-depressive. In the present study two classic analgesia models in mice were used to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of C. sympodialis leaves (HAECs) at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p. In the test of writhing by acetic acid HAECs- treatment induced a significant reduction in the number of abdominal contortions in a dose-dependent manner (p <0,05). In the formalin test, HAECs-200 mg/kg induced a significant inhibition of the second phase (15-30 minutes) (p <0,05). Results suggest that the HAECs presented outlying antinociceptive peripheral activity probably related with the alleged anti-inflammatory proprieties of extracts of this plant.
Existen varios estudios que evidencian que la Cissampelos sympodialis posee atividad anti-inflamatoria, antialérgica, antidepresiva y de baja toxicidad. Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la administración intraperitoneal, del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de cissampelos sympodialis (EHACS), en las dosis de 50, 100 y 200 mg/Kg, en modelos de analgesia en camumdongos. En el modelo de las contracciones inducidas por el ácido acético (0,85 por ciento) fue encontrada una reducción en el número de contracciones proporcional a las dosis usadas (p<0,05). En el test de la reacción al formaldeído las dosis utilizadas no presentaron efecto significante en la primera fase del test (0-5 minutos). Sin embargo, la dosis de 200mg/Kg presentó una significante inhibición en la segunda fase (15 30 minutos) del test (p<0,05). Los resultados mostraron que el EHACS presentó una actividad antinociceptiva periférica probablemente relacionada con la alegada actividad anti-inflamatoria.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Mice , Analgesics/pharmacology , Cissampelos/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The present work investigated the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., Asteraceae, aqueous extract (PRAE). For this purpose, acetic acid writhing, paw licking induced by formalin, hot-plate and pleurisy tests were performed. The doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly inhibited the writhing 63.4, 89.6 and 94.8 percent, respectively, in comparison with control group. The lick of the paw 1st phase was reduced at the dose of 400 mg/ kg (24.9 percent), while the 2nd phase had reduction at doses 200 and 400 mg/ kg (23.1 and 34.4 percent), respectively. The PRAE inhibited the carrageenaninduced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in a higher dose (p<0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the PRAE can constitute target potential for use in therapies of the pain and inflammation.
ABSTRACT
Eugenia candolleana DC. (Myrtaceae), commonly known as "murta" or "murtinha", is a plant species without any chemical or pharmacological study described in the literature. It has been popularly used for the treatment of pain and fever. This report aimed to investigate the possible antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of Eugenia candolleana DC. (EOEc) in rodents. Following intraperitoneal injection, EOEc (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the number of writhes significantly in a writhing test and the number of paw licks during phase two of formalin test (p < 0.001). However, administration of EOEc did not alter the time of reaction in hot plate test. Furthermore, EOEc inhibited (p < 0.01) the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. These results indicate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of EOEc probably mediated via inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or other peripherally pathway.
Eugenia candolleana DC. (Myrtaceae), conhecida popularmente como "murta" ou "murtinha", é uma espécie vegetal sem estudos químicos e farmacológicos descritos na literatura, distribuída no Nordeste brasileiro, principalmente, na Zona da Mata. Na medicina popular do Estado de Sergipe é utilizada no tratamento de distúrbios febris e da dor. O presente estudo buscou avaliar as possíveis atividades antinociceptiva e antiinflamatória do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de E. candolleana DC (OEEc) em roedores. A administração intraperitoneal (i.p.) do OEEc (25, 50 e 100 mg/kg) reduziu significativamente o número de contorções no teste das contorções abdominais e a duração da lambida da pata na segunda fase do teste da formalina (p < 0,001). Entretanto, a administração do OEEc não alterou o tempo de reação no teste da placa quente. No experimento de peritonite induzido por carragenina, o OEEc reduziu de forma significativa (p < 0,01) a migração de leucócitos para a cavidade peritoneal. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o OEEc possui ação antinociceptiva, provavelmente mediado por mecanismos periféricos, e ação antiinflamatória.